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Renoprotective Effects of the Ethanol Leaf Ext ract of Nymphaea lotus (Linn.) in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats

Oyeronke T. Animashaun(1), Fisayo N. Ogunleye(2), Akeem A. Ayankunle(3), Olayemi K. Wakeel(4), Saheed O. Animashaun(5), Olaleye S. Aremu(6), Isaac D. Asiyanbola(7), Ebunlomo B. Akinsola(8), Yanmife D. Adeniran(9),


(1) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(2) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(3) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(4) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomsoho, Oyo State, Nigeria
(5) Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun Sate, Nigeria
(6) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(7) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(8) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
(9) Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication with high mortality rates, characterised by oxidative stress and inflammation. Early intervention is crucial to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease or death. Nymphaea lotus L. (Nymphaeaceae) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for various inflammatory conditions. Pharmacological studies have established its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic roles of ethanol leaf extract of N. lotus against glycerol-induced AKI in rats through the evaluation of renal biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes.

Method: Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six groups, each consisting of six rats. AKI was induced by intramuscular glycerol administration (8 mL/kg). The baseline group received distilled water only orally (10 mL/kg), the negative control group received glycerol only (8 mL/kg), the treatment groups received ethanol extract of N. lotus (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg p.o.), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 7 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetised with ketamine (80 mg/kg, i.p.) and humanely sacrificed. Blood was collected through cardiac puncture, for the estimation of urea and creatinine levels, and the kidneys were collected for the determination of MDA, SOD, GSH, TNF-?, and IL-1?, as well as for histological analysis

Results: Glycerol significantly increased the levels of urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF- ?, and IL-1?, and reduced CAT, SOD and GSH levels (p < 0.05). N. lotus pretreatment significantly reduced urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-?, and IL-1? levels, while increasing the levels of SOD and GSH at all doses (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation of the kidney revealed that N lotus administration caused a marked reduction in capillary congestion, tubular damage and glomerular distortion compared to the glycerol group. The highest protective effect was seen at the dose of 300 mg/kg.

Conclusion: N. lotus extract ameliorates AKI by modulating oxidative and inflammatory responses and renal function biomarkers. It shows potential as a nephroprotective agent

Keywords


Acute Kidney Injury, Glycerol, Nymphaea lotus, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation Nephroprotection

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